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Titus 3:5
not by works of righteousness which we did ourselves, but according to his mercy, he saved us through the washing of regeneration and renewing by the Holy Spirit,
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Interpretation

Paul urges a regeneration that is embodied in solitude and community. Titus 3:5: trace "works" and "righteousness". Choose regeneration through how disagreements are handled—let wisdom become a road.

Context

Titus speaks here as epistle/letter writing, naming regeneration. Placed in ch. 3, the nearby lines set its tone. The nearby sentences supply the texture.

Authorship & Historical Background

Long‑standing tradition credits Titus to Paul. Many scholars judge Titus as follows: Pastoral; widely viewed as pseudonymous.. Scholars commonly date Titus AD 80–100. Here the thread of apostolic community comes into view.

More details
Traditional:Paul
Modern scholarship:Pastoral; widely viewed as pseudonymous.
Date:AD 80–100
Manuscripts & Textual Witnesses
The Greek text is preserved in thousands of manuscripts. Early papyri (P46, P66, P75) from the 2nd-3rd centuries, along with major uncials like Sinaiticus and Vaticanus (4th century), provide strong textual witness. Minor variants exist but do not affect the core meaning.
Sources & witness notes
SinaiticusVaticanusP46