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Luke 4:1
Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness for forty days, being tempted by the devil. He ate nothing in those days. Afterward, when they were completed, he was hungry.
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Interpretation

Jesus teaches a wilderness testing that is traced in conflict and celebration. Luke 4:1: notice "spirit" and "was". Practice wilderness testing in what we refuse to say—shape generosity without notice.

Context

In Luke (Gospel Narrative), naming wilderness testing. Placed in ch. 4, the nearby lines set its tone. The nearby sentences supply the texture.

Authorship & Historical Background

Early sources associate Luke with Luke the physician (companion of Paul). Academic consensus for Luke tends toward: Anonymous; author also wrote Acts; polished Greek historian‑theologian.. Scholars commonly date Luke AD 80–90. For Luke, the audience likely includes Broader Greco‑Roman audience.. A careful narrative for a wide audience. A careful historian-theologian frames a universal horizon.

More details
Traditional:Luke the physician (companion of Paul)
Modern scholarship:Anonymous; author also wrote Acts; polished Greek historian‑theologian.
Date:AD 80–90
Audience:Broader Greco‑Roman audience.
Manuscripts & Textual Witnesses
The Greek text is preserved in thousands of manuscripts. Early papyri (P46, P66, P75) from the 2nd-3rd centuries, along with major uncials like Sinaiticus and Vaticanus (4th century), provide strong textual witness. Minor variants exist but do not alter the main meaning.
Sources & witness notes
SinaiticusVaticanusP46