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Luke 23:34
Jesus said, 'Father, forgive them, for they don't know what they are doing.' Dividing his garments among them, they cast lots.
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Interpretation

Luke 23:34 shows a forgiveness that is lived within concrete decisions—see "jesus" and "said". Align forgiveness in generosity without notice—let wisdom become a road.

Context

Luke speaks here as gospel narrative writing, highlighting forgiveness. Within ch. 23, a small unit frames the emphasis. Watch the terms “jesus” and “said”.

Authorship & Historical Background

Early attribution points to Luke the physician (companion of Paul) for Luke. Modern scholarship on Luke sees Anonymous; author also wrote Acts; polished Greek historian‑theologian.. Scholars commonly date Luke AD 80–90. Luke seems aimed at Broader Greco‑Roman audience.. Mercy and meals mark messianic mission. A careful historian-theologian frames a universal horizon.

More details
Traditional:Luke the physician (companion of Paul)
Modern scholarship:Anonymous; author also wrote Acts; polished Greek historian‑theologian.
Date:AD 80–90
Audience:Broader Greco‑Roman audience.
Manuscripts & Textual Witnesses
The Greek text is preserved in 5,800+ manuscripts, surpassing other ancient works in manuscript count. Early papyri from the 2nd-3rd centuries like P46, P66, P75 provide text within about 100-150 years of its writing. Major uncial codices (Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, 4th century) contain complete or near-complete texts. The Byzantine text family represents the majority of later manuscripts. Textual variants exist but are mostly minor: word order, articles, spelling. No central Christian doctrine depends on any disputed text. Modern critical editions compare all manuscript families to determine the most probable original wording reading.
Sources & witness notes
SinaiticusVaticanusP46